Halin annoba, zaɓin maganin rigakafi da tsarin rigakafi na cutar ƙafa da baki

Ciwon Qafa da Baki

(1) Yanayin annoba

Cutar kafa da baki ta duniya ta fi kamari a Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Asiya da wasu sassan Kudancin Amurka. Daga cikin serotypes 7 na FMDV, nau'in O da nau'in A sun fi yawa; Nau'in I, II da III na Afirka ta Kudu sun fi yawa a nahiyar Afirka; Nau'in Asiya na I ya fi yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Asiya; Ba a ba da rahoton nau'in C ba tun bayan bullar ta a Brazil da Kenya a cikin 2004. A cikin 2021, halin da ake ciki na cututtukan ƙafa da baki a kudu maso gabashin Asiya har yanzu yana da rikitarwa. Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam da sauran kasashe duk suna fama da barkewar cutar, kuma nau'ikan da ke haifar da annobar suna da rikitarwa. Barazanar rigakafi da sarrafa cututtukan ƙafa da baki a China na ci gaba da wanzuwa.

A halin yanzu, halin da ake ciki na cututtukan ƙafa da baki a kasar Sin gabaɗaya ya daidaita, kuma nau'in ciwon ƙafa da baki a Asiya ya kasance babu annoba. A cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, ba a sami bullar cutar ta kafar kafa da baki ba a cikin shekaru uku da suka wuce, kuma za a samu bullar cutar O ta kafa da baki a shekarar 2021. Bisa yanayin da aka sa ido, ana ci gaba da samun nau'in cutar FMD a kasar Sin a halin yanzu. hadaddun. Nau'in O FMD sun haɗa da Ind-2001e, Mya-98 da CATHAY, yayin da Nau'in A shine Sea-97. Nau'in AA/Sea-97 kwayar cutar reshen ketare za a gano a yankunan kan iyaka a cikin 2021.

Maganin cutar ƙafa da baki a kasar Sin yana da tasiri a kan nau'ikan cututtukan gida, kuma wuraren haɗarin annoba sun fi kasancewa a cikin hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa da wuraren da ke da raunin rigakafi. Dangane da bayanan sa ido, an yi hasashen cewa, cutar FMD a kasar Sin za ta ci gaba da kasancewa da nau'in FMD O a shekarar 2022, kuma za a ci gaba da samun bullar nau'in nau'in FMD da yawa a lokaci guda, wanda hakan ba zai kawar da yiwuwar afkuwar tabo ba. na FMD nau'in A; Hatsarin shigar da nau'ikan nau'ikan kasashen waje cikin kasar Sin har yanzu yana nan.

(2) Zaɓin Alurar riga kafi

Zaɓi alluran rigakafin da suka dace da antigenicity na nau'ikan cututtukan gida, kuma ana iya tambayar samfuran rigakafin a cikin dandalin "Bayanan Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Magungunan Dabbobi" na Cibiyar Ba da Bayanin Magungunan Dabbobi ta kasar Sin.

(3) Shawarwari Tsarin rigakafi

1. Filin Sikeli

An ƙayyade shekarun farkon rigakafin yara na dabbobi ta hanyar la'akari da dalilai kamar rigakafi na iyaye mata da matakin rigakafi na mahaifa na kananan dabbobi. Misali, bisa ga bambance-bambancen lokacin rigakafi na dabbobin mata da ƙwayoyin rigakafi na uwa, alade na iya zaɓar yin rigakafi a cikin shekaru 28 ~ 60, ana iya yin rigakafin rago a cikin shekaru 28 ~ 35, kuma ana iya yin rigakafin maraƙi. yana da shekaru 90 days. Bayan rigakafin farko na duk jaririn da aka haifa, za a gudanar da rigakafi mai ƙarfafawa sau ɗaya kowane wata 1, sannan kowane watanni 4 zuwa 6.

2. Gidajen kulawa na yau da kullun

A lokacin bazara da kaka, duk dabbobin gida masu rauni za a yi musu rigakafi sau ɗaya, kuma za a biya su diyya akai-akai kowane wata. Inda sharuɗɗan suka ba da izini, ana iya yin rigakafi bisa ga tsarin rigakafi na babban filin.

3. Yin rigakafin gaggawa

Lokacin da lamarin ya faru, dabbobin da ke fama da cutar a yankin da aka yi barazanar za a ba su rigakafin gaggawa. Lokacin da yankin kan iyaka ya fuskanci barazanar kamuwa da cutar a kasashen waje, hade da sakamakon kimar hadarin, za a ba wa dabbobi masu saukin kamuwa a yankin da ke da hatsarin kamuwa da cututtukan kafa da baki, rigakafin gaggawa. Dabbobin da aka yi wa rigakafi a cikin watan da ya gabata ba za su iya yin rigakafin gaggawa ba.

(4) Kula da tasirin rigakafi

1. Hanyar gwaji

Hanyar da aka kayyade a GB/T 18935-2018 Dabarun Bincike don Cutar Ƙafa da Baki an yi amfani da su don gano maganin rigakafi. Ga waɗanda aka yi wa allurar riga-kafin da ba a kunna ba, an yi amfani da tsarin ruwa mai toshe ELISA da ƙwaƙƙwaran ELISA gasa don gano rigakafin rigakafi; Ga waɗanda aka yi wa allurar rigakafin peptide na roba, an yi amfani da gina jiki na VP1 ELISA don gano maganin rigakafi.

2. Ƙimar tasirin rigakafi

Bayan kwanaki 28 na rigakafin aladu da kwanaki 21 na rigakafi na sauran dabbobin gida, antibody titer zai cika waɗannan sharuɗɗa don sanin cewa rigakafin mutum ya cancanci:

Tsarin ruwa yana toshe ELISA: antibody titer na dabbobi masu rarrafe kamar shanu da tumaki ≥ 2 ^ 7, da titer antibody alade ≥ 2 ^ 6.

m lokaci m ELISA: antibody titer ≥ 2 ^ 6.

vP1 tsarin gina jiki antibody ELISA: tabbatacce bisa ga hanyar ko umarnin reagent.

Idan adadin ƙwararrun mutane ba su da ƙasa da kashi 70% na adadin ƙungiyoyin rigakafi, za a ƙayyade rigakafi na rukuni a matsayin wanda ya cancanta.